在生活中,到处都需要垃圾桶,办公桌下要有个纸篓儿,厨房里要有个装烂菜叶的 小垃圾桶,厕所里也需要装手纸的地方。本次设计调查主要是对公共垃圾桶的研究。
垃圾桶一般有两种:一体式和开盖式。 一体式包括桶体,投入口,回收口三部分。如图 1.1 所示。
1.垃圾桶口太小,投不进 2.露天的垃圾桶容易遭到损害(人为,自然) 3.街道上的垃圾桶太少,经常拿着要扔掉的垃圾走上很长一段路也找不到垃圾桶,久而 久之,大家干脆随手一扔,这样会养成市民随手乱扔垃圾的坏毛病 4.垃圾堆积,怪味难闻 5.很多地方的垃圾桶高度都太低,人们使用垃圾桶时不得不弯腰,十分不方便。另外又 有些上盖式垃圾桶过高,扔垃圾时费力,身材不够高者还得抛进去。 6.垃圾桶桶盖过重
2.3.3 与环境相协调原则···································12 第三章 草图方案设计·············································13
3.1 造型方案一···············································13 3.2 造型方案二···············································14 3.3 造型方案三···············································14 第四章 设计的具体方案完成·············································15 4.1 结构方案说明·············································15 4.2 材质方案说明·············································15 4.3 尺寸图···················································15
A. 作用不大 B. 一点作用都没有 C. 有一点作用 D. 有很多的作用 5.您认
开盖式包括桶体,投入口,桶盖,通常桶体内含有一个内桶,方便垃圾清除,其中
桶盖处可开启,作为回收口用,有时也省去投入口,只包括桶体和桶盖,桶盖既作为投
垃圾桶的颜色一般要起到识别作用,参照国际环保理念标准分类垃圾的颜色如 下:
第一章 设计调研与设计定位·······································1 1.1 设计调研与设计定位·······································1 1.1.1 垃圾桶的分类·······································1 1,1.2 垃圾桶的颜色·······································2 1.1.3 垃圾桶的形状·······································2 1.1.4 垃圾桶的材质·······································2 1.1.5 垃圾桶的标志·······································2 1.2 人员调查·················································3 1.2.1 使用者调研·········································3 1.2.2 清理者调研·········································4 1.3 使用的过程与使用环境调研···································4 1.3.1 使用的过程调研·······································4 1,3.2 使用环境调研·······································6 1.4 调研分析·················································7 1.4.1 垃圾桶使用者的烦恼·································7 1.4.2 垃圾桶清理者的烦恼·································7 1.5 设计定位·················································7 1.5.1 需求分析···········································7 1.5.2 设计目标···········································7
(2)使用起来更便捷。 (3)融入人性化设计理念。 (4)摆放时的安全性和稳定能力。 (5)容易清洁。 (6)垃圾桶的高度 、容量、投入口高度符合使用者要求。 (7)与环境融合。
2.1.1.1 与垃圾桶有关的人体尺寸 人类工程学研究的目的是优化产品与用户间的界面。要使垃圾桶与人之间达到最优
主要塑料、不锈钢、金属、金属烤漆、钢木、大理石、玻璃钢等。 塑料垃圾桶:加工简单,易于清洁,适合室内使用。在室外的话,对材料有了要求: 即不容易老化。 不锈钢垃圾桶:室外使用不会被雨腐蚀,但是存在被小偷偷走的可能。 金属垃圾桶:一般是用钢铁制作,耐用性高,而且以后还能回收利用。钢铁的缺 点是容易生锈,一般会先经过除油除锈,然后再进行烤漆,以加强钢铁在户外使用的防 锈性。 陶瓷垃圾桶:陶瓷已经是高档品的代名词。陶瓷洁具易于清洁,而且表面光洁度高, 给人高品质的感觉。 木质垃圾桶:质感好与环境容易协调。 钢木垃圾桶:钢铁框架,外面再加木条进行装饰,现在也有用塑胶木或环保木替代 实木的做法。 玻璃钢垃圾桶:玻璃钢垃圾桶,一般都会采用优质玻璃纤维与进口树脂着色合成它强度 高,耐腐蚀,耐酸碱,抗老化,太阳暴晒下不变形,抗紫外线,易清洗,操作便捷,果 皮桶收集容量大,坚固耐用常规使用的寿命长,果皮桶无盗用和回收价值。
第二章 设计分析·················································9 2.1 尺寸分析·················································9 2.1.1 尺寸人机分析·······································9 2.1.2 解剖学因素·········································11 2.2 垃圾桶的摆放·············································11 2.2.1 放置的场合·········································11 2.2.2 放置的间隔·········································11 2.3 使用者使用心理分析·······································11 2.3.1 安全与卫生原则·····································11 2.3.2 人机交互原则·······································12
12.您认为垃圾桶的外形是否要与环境相融合? A. 是 B. 无所谓 C. 否
1.垃圾桶内积水,清理不便 2.垃圾分类不合理,标志不明确 3. 垃圾堆积,怪味难闻
(1)容易投放垃圾。让人们在公共环境中方便使用,这是对垃圾桶设计的基本要求之 一。为了方便投放垃圾。垃圾桶投放口的开口方向一般有朝上、侧向、和斜向。
(2)容易清除垃圾。清洁工人每天会对垃圾桶进行多次清洁,因此,垃圾桶的设 计方要便清洁工人清除垃圾,垃圾桶内避免有死角。
绿色:表示可回收垃圾,垃圾的处理方法是回收加工再利用; 蓝色:表示厨余垃圾,垃圾的处理方法是加入特殊添加剂课制作成有机肥料; 红色:表示有害垃圾,垃圾一定要进行特殊处理。
现在我国城市街道上常见的垃圾桶主要有方体和圆柱体,这两种形式的垃圾桶形式 简洁、容积大,所以被普遍的使用。垃圾桶的形状与结构有很大关系,开口、内相、回收 方式都会影响垃圾桶的形状。
(3)防雨防晒。垃圾桶在公共环境、露天场所,需要防止食物等垃圾被日晒雨淋 后变质发臭,流出污水,招引苍蝇蚊虫,影响环境。
(4)造型与环境的协调。公共垃圾桶的造型包括形态、色彩、材质等,与整体环 境相互协调是一定要考虑的。从垃圾桶的基本功能而言,垃圾桶不是景观的装饰品,二 十我们正常的生活的附属品。因此,设计时力求简洁大方,与环境协调,同事注意选材的耐 用性。