2.3.2 人机交互原则·······································12
2.3.3 与环境相协Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu原则···································12
优秀的垃圾桶不仅要便于将垃圾投入，也要便于将内腔取出和清理。垃圾桶的高度一般，应小于正常人立姿双手上举功能搞的一半。现有垃圾桶的高度一般在800~1100mm之间，基本都满足规定的要求。如图2.1所示。
1.2.2 清理者调研·········································4
1.3 使用的过程与使用环境调研···································4
1.3.1 使用的过程调研·······································4
塑料垃圾桶：加工简单，易于清洁，适合室内使用。在室外的话，对材料有了要求：即不容易老化。
金属垃圾桶：一般是用钢铁制作，耐用性高，而且以后还能回收利用。钢铁的缺点是容易生锈，一般会先经过除油除锈，然后再进行烤漆，以加强钢铁在户外使用的防锈性。
人类工程学研究的目的是优化产品与用户间的界面。要使垃圾桶与人之间达到最优化的配合，使人不需要大幅度的改变姿势就可以顺利地将垃圾投入垃圾桶。与垃圾桶有关的人体尺寸有：肘高、立姿手功能高、立姿双手功能上举高，手长、手宽。如表2.1所示。
4.2 材质方案说明·············································15
4.3 尺寸图···················································15
在生活中，到处都需要垃圾桶，办公桌下要有个纸篓儿，厨房里要有个装烂菜叶的小垃圾桶，厕所里也需要装手纸的地方。本次设计调查主要是对公共垃圾桶的研究。
1.5.2 设计目标···········································7
第二章 设计分析·················································9
2.1 尺寸分析·················································9
1.4.2 垃圾桶清理者的烦恼·································7
1.5 设计定位·················································7
1.5.1 需求分析···········································7
12.您认为垃圾桶的外形是否要与环境相融合？ A. 是B. 无所谓C. 否
13.您认为垃圾桶的颜色应该为(多选) A. 蓝 B. 灰 C. 绿 D.其他14.您现在使用的垃圾桶哪种种类的最多？
1,3.2 使用环境调研·······································6
1.4 调研分析·················································7
1.4.1 垃圾桶使用者的烦恼·································7
3.街道上的垃圾桶太少，经常拿着要扔掉的垃圾走上很长一段路也找不到垃圾桶，久而久之，大家干脆随手一扔，这样会养成市民随手乱扔垃圾的坏毛病
3.3 造型方案三···············································14
第四章 设计的具体方案完成·············································15
4.1 结构方案说明·············································15
第一章设计调研与设计定位·······································1
1.1 设计调研与设计定位·······································1
1.1.1 垃圾桶的分类·······································1
1,1.2 垃圾桶的颜色·······································2
1.1.3 垃圾桶的形状·······································2
1.1.4垃圾桶的材质·······································2
您好！我们是哈尔滨工程大学工业设计专业的学生。现在向你做调查，将耽误您三分钟左右的时间，看看您对这些垃圾桶的使用感受以进行改进设计，谢谢！
1.您觉得垃圾回收处理是否有必要？ A．有必要 B. 无所谓 C. 没必要2.您是否了解有关垃圾分类的知识？
第三章 草图方案设计·············································13
3.1 造型方案一···············································13
3.2 造型方案二···············································14
1.1.5 垃圾桶的标志·······································2
1.2 人员调查·················································3
1.2.1 使用者调研·········································3
垃圾桶的颜色一般要起到识别作用，参照国际环保理念标准分类垃圾的颜色如下：
陶瓷垃圾桶：陶瓷已经是高档品的代名词。陶瓷洁具易于清洁，而且表面光洁度高，给人高品质的感觉。
钢木垃圾桶：钢铁框架，外面再加木条进行装饰，现在也有用塑胶木或环保木替代实木的做法。
玻璃钢垃圾桶：玻璃钢垃圾桶，一般都会采用优质玻璃纤维与进口树脂着色合成它强度高，耐腐蚀，耐酸碱，抗老化，太阳暴晒下不变形，抗紫外线，易清洗，操作便捷，果皮桶收集容量大，坚固耐用常规使用的寿命长，果皮桶无盗用和回收价值。
2.1.1 尺寸人机分析·······································9
2.1.2 解剖学因素·········································11
2.2 垃圾桶的摆放·············································11
5.很多地方的垃圾桶高度都太低，人们使用垃圾桶时不得不弯腰，十分不方便。另外又有些上盖式垃圾桶过高，扔垃圾时费力，身材不够高者还得抛进去。
（1）容易投放垃圾。让人们在公共环境中方便使用，这是对垃圾桶设计的基本要求之一。为了方便投放垃圾。垃圾桶投放口的开口方向一般有朝上、侧向、和斜向。
开盖式包括桶体，投入口，桶盖，通常桶体内含有一个内桶，方便垃圾清除，其中桶盖处可开启，作为回收口用，有时也省去投入口，只包括桶体和桶盖，桶盖既作为投入口又作为回收口。如图1.2所示。
2.2.1 放置的场合·········································11
2.2.2 放置的间隔·········································11
2.3 使用者使用心理分析·······································11
A. 作用不大 B. 一点作用都没有 C. 有一点作用 D. 有很多的作用5.您认为影响你将垃圾分类投放的因素是？
（2）容易清除垃圾。清洁工人每天会对垃圾桶进行多次清洁，因此，垃圾桶的设计方要便清洁工人清除垃圾，垃圾桶内避免有死角。
（3）防雨防晒。垃圾桶在公共环境、露天场所，需要防止食物等垃圾被日晒雨淋后变质发臭，流出污水，招引苍蝇蚊虫，影响环境。
（4）造型与环境的协调。公共垃圾桶的造型包括形态、色彩、材质等，与整体环境相互协调是一定要考虑的。从垃圾桶的基本功能而言，垃圾桶不是景观的装饰品，二十我们正常的生活的附属品。因此，设计时力求简洁大方，与环境协调，同事注意选材的耐用性。
